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- The\ jbrowser\ File\ Browser\n\nNote\nThis\ document\ has\ been\ converted\ with\ minimal\ editing\ from\ the\ documentation\ for\ version\ 3.6/2.0\ of\ the\ jbrowser\ file\ browser,\ so\ it's\ a\ little\ out\ of\ date,\ and\ it's\ not\ organised\ the\ same\ way\ as\ current\ documentation\ for\ the\ other\ jstools\ applications.\ \ Not\ much\ has\ changed\ in\ version\ 3.6/3.0,\ however.\ \ (In\ the\ near\ future,\ I\ anticipate\ a\ major\ rewrite\ of\ jbrowser,\ supporting\ multiple\ windows\ and\ multiple\ directory\ columns\ in\ each\ window\ in\ the\ style\ of\ the\ NeXTSTEP\ file\ manager.)\n\nIntroduction\nThe\ jbrowser\ application\ is\ a\ configurable\ directory\ browser.\ \ It\ lets\ you\ navigate\ through\ directories\ and\ manipulate\ files\ in\ various\ ways.\ \ It\ has\ a\ mechanism\ for\ distinguishing\ different\ kinds\ of\ files\ based\ on\ their\ names,\ so\ that\ for\ instance\ it\ will\ use\ different\ underlying\ Unix\ commands\ to\ print\ a\ DVI\ file\ and\ a\ plain\ text\ file.\n\nIt\ is\ written\ in\ wish,\ an\ X\ Windows\ scripting\ language\ based\ on\ the\ Tk\ toolkit\ and\ the\ Tcl\ scripting\ library\ (all\ three\ by\ John\ Ousterhout\ of\ Berkeley),\ and\ this\ makes\ it\ extremely\ easy\ to\ customise.\ \ You\ can\ tell\ it\ what\ tools\ to\ use\ to\ work\ with\ various\ types\ of\ files,\ and\ you\ can\ change\ the\ user\ interface\ (e.g.\ adding\ new\ menus)\ if\ you\ like.\ \ Nevertheless,\ the\ default\ behaviour\ is\ reasonably\ flexible\ -\ you\ don't\ need\ to\ configure\ it\ to\ use\ it.\n\nThe\ jbrowser\ directory\ browser\ is\ distributed\ as\ part\ of\ the\ jstools\ package.\n\nThis\ help\ file\ describes\ jbrowser\ version\ 3.6/2.0.\n\nInvocation\nUsage:\n\tjbrowser\ \[directory\]\n\nTo\ start\ the\ browser,\ just\ type\ `jbrowser'\ at\ the\ shell\ prompt,\ assuming\ it's\ in\ your\ path.\ \ The\ browser\ will\ start\ up\ displaying\ the\ current\ directory.\ \ You\ can\ also\ specify\ a\ particular\ directory\ on\ the\ command\ line,\ if\ you\ want\ the\ browser\ to\ start\ up\ somewhere\ else.\ \ For\ instance,\ if\ you\ type\ `jbrowser\ /',\ the\ browser\ will\ start\ up\ in\ the\ root\ directory.\n\nWorking\ with\ Directories\nViewing\ Directories\nThe\ main\ browser\ window\ lists\ the\ files\ in\ a\ particular\ directory.\ \ This\ starts\ out\ being\ the\ directory\ you\ were\ in\ when\ you\ started\ the\ browser\ (or\ a\ directory\ you\ specified\ on\ the\ command\ line).\ \ If\ there\ are\ more\ files\ in\ that\ directory\ than\ you\ can\ see\ at\ once,\ you\ can\ use\ the\ scrollbar\ to\ scroll\ up\ and\ down.\n\nSubdirectories\ in\ the\ current\ directory\ are\ listed\ with\ slashes\ following\ them.\ \ To\ move\ into\ a\ subdirectory,\ just\ double¡click\ it.\ \ The\ browser\ listing\ will\ update\ to\ show\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ subdirectory\ -\ now\ the\ new\ current\ directory.\n\nMoving\ Among\ Directories\nTo\ move\ up\ a\ level\ -\ back\ to\ the\ parent\ directory\ of\ the\ current\ directory\ -\ you\ can\ either\ double¡click\ on\ the\ two\ dots\ (`..')\ that\ appear\ at\ the\ top\ of\ each\ directory\ listing,\ or\ choose\ `Up'\ from\ the\ `Browser'\ menu.\n\nThe\ `Browser'\ menu\ also\ has\ two\ other\ directories\ listed\ -\ your\ home\ directory,\ and\ the\ root\ directory\ (`/').\ \ You\ can\ choose\ either\ of\ these\ to\ move\ quickly\ to\ the\ given\ directory.\n\nThe\ `Change\ Directory...'\ command\ under\ the\ `Browser'\ menu\ puts\ up\ a\ panel\ asking\ you\ for\ a\ directory\ name\ and\ goes\ to\ that\ directory.\n\nWhile\ you're\ typing\ a\ directory\ name\ for\ the\ `Change\ Directory...'\ command,\ you\ can\ use\ the\ Tab\ key\ to\ expand\ the\ directory\ name\ you've\ started\ typing\ as\ much\ as\ unambiguously\ possible.\ \ Essentially,\ you\ can\ abbreviate\ directory\ names\ by\ pressing\ Tab\ at\ the\ end\ of\ the\ `abbreviation'.\ \ (The\ Tab\ key\ works\ this\ way\ in\ the\ panel\ for\ the\ `Move'\ command,\ as\ well.)\n\nCreating\ Directories\nTo\ create\ a\ new\ subdirectory\ in\ the\ current\ directory,\ use\ the\ `Create\ Directory...'\ command\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu.\ \ You\ will\ be\ prompted\ for\ a\ name\ for\ the\ new\ directory.\n\nViewing\ and\ Editing\ Files\nViewing\ Files\nTo\ view\ a\ file,\ double¡click\ on\ it.\ \ (Double¡clicking\ on\ a\ directory\ moves\ to\ that\ directory,\ but\ double¡clicking\ on\ a\ file\ lets\ you\ see\ the\ contents\ of\ a\ file.\ \ (Alternatively,\ you\ can\ select\ a\ file\ in\ the\ browser\ listing\ and\ choose\ `View'\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu.)\ \ Normally,\ this\ will\ pop\ up\ a\ text\ window\ that\ shows\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ file.\ \ Some\ kinds\ of\ files\ can't\ be\ viewed\ by\ the\ browser,\ however\ -\ for\ instance,\ if\ you\ double¡click\ on\ a\ tiff\ image\ file,\ whose\ name\ ends\ in\ `.tiff',\ you'll\ get\ an\ alert\ message\ telling\ you\ the\ browser\ doesn't\ know\ how\ to\ deal\ with\ image\ files.\ \ (You\ can,\ however,\ view\ compressed\ files.)\n\nYou\ can\ customise\ the\ browser\ so\ that\ it\ knows\ how\ to\ display\ different\ kinds\ of\ files\ -\ you\ might\ want\ to\ use\ one\ program\ to\ display\ text\ files,\ for\ instance,\ and\ another\ to\ display\ graphics\ data.\ \ This\ is\ described\ under\ Customising\ the\ Browser.\n\nEditing\ Files\nTo\ edit\ a\ file,\ select\ it\ in\ the\ browser\ (single¡click\ on\ it)\ and\ choose\ `Edit'\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu.\ \ The\ file\ will\ normally\ be\ opened\ with\ the\ jedit\ text\ editor\ (also\ part\ of\ the\ jstools\ package).\ \ As\ above,\ there\ are\ some\ kinds\ of\ files\ that\ the\ browser\ doesn't\ know\ how\ to\ edit\ by\ default,\ and\ you\ can\ customise\ the\ browser's\ behaviour\ to\ your\ liking.\n\nProcessing\ Files\nTo\ process\ a\ file,\ choose\ `Process'\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu.\n\nProcessing\ a\ file\ means\ performing\ some\ sort\ of\ action\ on\ it\ appropriate\ to\ the\ type\ of\ file.\ \ (This\ only\ works\ with\ certain\ types\ of\ files.)\ \ For\ compressed\ .Z\ files,\ this\ means\ uncompressing\ them\;\ for\ files\ that\ end\ in\ .tex\ or\ .latex\ this\ means\ running\ the\ tex(l)\ or\ latex(l)\ commands\ on\ them,\ and\ for\ files\ that\ end\ in\ .tar,\ this\ means\ extracting\ their\ contents\ with\ the\ tar(1)\ command.\ \ For\ files\ named\ Makefile\ or\ makefile\ (or\ Makefile.sun,\ etc.)\ this\ means\ using\ them\ to\ run\ the\ make(l)\ command.\ \ As\ with\ other\ commands,\ you\ can\ customise\ what\ the\ browser\ does\ to\ process\ different\ kinds\ of\ files,\ as\ described\ under\ Customising\ the\ Browser.\n\n\nThe\ keyboard\ equivalent\ for\ `Process'\ is\ Meta-u\;\ you\ can\ remember\ this\ by\ thinking\ that\ it\ means\ to\ use\ the\ file\ for\ something.\n\nPrinting\ Files\nTo\ print\ a\ file,\ select\ it\ in\ the\ browser\ and\ choose\ `Print'\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu.\ \ This\ will\ normally\ use\ the\ lpr(1)\ command\ to\ print\ the\ file.\ \ (For\ .dvi\ files\ -\ TeX\ output\ files\ -\ it\ will\ use\ the\ dvips(l)\ command,\ if\ it\ is\ installed\ at\ your\ site.)\ \ As\ with\ other\ commands,\ you\ can\ customise\ the\ behaviour\ of\ the\ `Print'\ command\ as\ described\ under\ Customising\ the\ Browser.\n\nYou\ can\ select\ a\ printer\ using\ the\ Global\ Preferences\ panel,\ described\ under\ Preferences\;\ the\ default\ printer\ is\ lp.\n\nHow\ the\ Browser\ Knows\ What\ To\ Do\ with\ a\ File\nIn\ general,\ the\ browser\ distinguishes\ different\ kinds\ of\ files\ based\ on\ their\ extensions\ -\ the\ part\ after\ the\ last\ period\ in\ the\ name\ (if\ any).\ \ For\ instance,\ it\ knows\ to\ treat\ compressed\ files\ differently\ from\ normal\ files\ because\ the\ names\ of\ compressed\ files\ end\ in\ .Z.\ \ By\ default,\ the\ browser\ doesn't\ know\ about\ very\ many\ different\ kinds\ of\ files,\ but\ you\ can\ customise\ it\ to\ distinguish\ the\ kinds\ of\ files\ you\ normally\ work\ with.\ \ For\ instance,\ you\ can\ have\ it\ use\ two\ different\ editors\ to\ edit\ Fortran\ code\ and\ C\ code,\ or\ different\ programs\ to\ view\ PostScript\ images\ and\ TeX\ output.\n\n(Actually,\ you\ can\ have\ the\ browser\ recognise\ file\ types\ based\ on\ any\ pattern\ in\ the\ pathname,\ not\ just\ the\ extension.\ \ For\ instance,\ by\ default\ the\ browser\ knows\ that\ any\ file\ whose\ name\ starts\ with\ Makefile\ or\ makefile\ should\ be\ processed\ with\ the\ make(1)\ command.)\n\nThe\ Browser\ Menu\nIn\ addition\ to\ the\ commands\ for\ changing\ directory\ mentioned\ in\ Working\ With\ Directories,\ the\ `Browser'\ menu\ includes\ the\ following\ commands:\n\nHelp\nThe\ `Help'\ command\ displays\ this\ help\ file.\ \ (It\ uses\ the\ jhelp\ command,\ so\ in\ order\ for\ it\ to\ work\ that\ command\ must\ be\ installed\ on\ your\ system\ and\ in\ your\ path.\ \ The\ help\ file\ must\ also\ be\ installed,\ or\ be\ in\ the\ current\ directory.)\n\nAbout\ the\ Browser...\nThe\ `About\ the\ Browser...'\ command\ displays\ an\ information\ panel\ with\ copyright\ and\ redistribution\ information.\ \ The\ panel\ also\ lets\ you\ get\ more\ information\ about\ the\ author,\ and\ about\ the\ Tk/Tcl\ scripting\ environment.\n\nGlobal\ Preferences...\nBrowser\ Preferences...\nThese\ commands\ bring\ up\ Preferences\ panels,\ described\ under\ Preferences.\n\nIssue\ Tcl\ Command...\nThis\ brings\ up\ a\ panel\ that\ prompts\ you\ for\ a\ Tcl\ command\ to\ be\ executed.\ \ This\ is\ an\ advanced\ feature\ intended\ primarily\ for\ use\ in\ designing\ and\ debugging\ configuration\ files\;\ it's\ not\ normally\ useful\ for\ editing\ files.\n\nIssue\ Unix\ Command...\nThis\ brings\ up\ a\ panel\ that\ prompts\ you\ for\ a\ Unix\ command\ to\ be\ executed.\ \ If\ the\ command\ produces\ any\ output,\ it\ will\ be\ displayed\;\ otherwise\ you'll\ see\ a\ notice\ to\ that\ effect.\ \ If\ there\ are\ any\ errors\ in\ the\ execution\ of\ the\ command,\ you'll\ see\ an\ error\ dialogue\ box\ with\ the\ error\ message\ returned\ by\ the\ command.\n\nNew\ Browser\nIf\ you\ choose\ `New\ Browser'\ from\ the\ `Browser'\ menu,\ a\ new\ browser\ will\ be\ started.\ \ (This\ is\ a\ separate\ process,\ not\ just\ another\ window\ of\ the\ same\ process.)\ \ You\ may\ find\ it\ convenient\ to\ have\ more\ than\ one\ browser\ on\ the\ screen\ at\ once\ if\ you're\ working\ simultaneously\ in\ more\ than\ one\ directory.\n\nRefresh\nIf\ you\ choose\ `Refresh'\ from\ the\ `Browser'\ menu,\ the\ browser\ will\ reread\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ current\ directory,\ and\ redisplay\ them.\ \ This\ is\ useful,\ for\ instance,\ if\ you've\ created\ or\ deleted\ some\ files\ in\ the\ directory\ using\ some\ other\ application,\ so\ that\ what\ the\ browser\ is\ displaying\ no\ longer\ corresponds\ to\ the\ current\ contents\ of\ the\ directory.\n\nThe\ keyboard\ shortcut\ for\ `Refresh'\ is\ Control-l\ (lowercase\ L),\ by\ analogy\ with\ the\ Emacs\ and\ vi(1)\ refresh\ commands.\n\nQuit\nTo\ quit\ the\ browser,\ choose\ `Quit...'\ from\ the\ `Browser'\ menu.\ \ (By\ default,\ you're\ asked\ to\ confirm\;\ you\ can\ turn\ this\ off\ from\ the\ Preferences\ panel.)\ \ If\ you\ have\ multiple\ browsers\ on\ the\ screen\ at\ once,\ this\ only\ quits\ one\ of\ them\ -\ you\ have\ to\ quit\ each\ one\ separately.\n\nGetting\ Information\ about\ Files\nIf\ you\ choose\ `Get\ Info...'\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu,\ you'll\ see\ some\ information\ about\ the\ selected\ file\ or\ directory.\ \ This\ includes\ the\ output\ of\ the\ command\ `ls\ -l',\ which\ tells\ you\ the\ size,\ ownership,\ and\ permissions\ of\ the\ file,\ and\ the\ output\ of\ the\ file(1)\ command,\ which\ tells\ you\ what\ kind\ of\ file\ the\ system\ thinks\ it\ is.\ \ For\ text\ files,\ you'll\ also\ see\ the\ first\ few\ lines\ of\ the\ file.\n\nDeleting,\ Copying,\ Renaming,\ and\ Moving\ Files\nDeleting\ Files\nYou\ can\ use\ the\ `Destroy'\ command\ under\ the\ `File'\ menu\ to\ delete\ the\ selected\ file\ or\ directory.\ \ (By\ default,\ you're\ asked\ to\ confirm\ that\ you\ really\ want\ to\ destroy\ it\;\ clicking\ `OK'\ or\ pressing\ Return\ will\ do\ the\ deed\;\ you\ can\ click\ `Cancel'\ if\ you\ think\ better\ of\ it.\ \ You\ can\ change\ this\ using\ the\ Global\ Preferences\ panel.)\n\nMoving\ Files\nYou\ use\ the\ `Move...'\ command\ under\ the\ `File'\ menu\ both\ to\ move\ a\ file\ (or\ directory)\ into\ another\ directory.\ \ It\ pops\ up\ a\ dialog\ box\ asking\ you\ to\ move\ into\ the\ directory\ you\ want\ to\ put\ the\ file\ in.\ \ When\ you\ have\ done\ so,\ click\ `Here'\ to\ move\ the\ file.\ \ (By\ default,\ you're\ asked\ for\ confirmation.\ \ As\ with\ `Destroy',\ you\ can\ turn\ that\ off\ through\ the\ Global\ Preferences\ panel).\n\nRenaming\ Files\nYou\ use\ the\ `Rename...'\ command\ under\ the\ `File'\ menu\ to\ rename\ files\ (and\ directories).\ \ It\ pops\ up\ a\ dialog\ box\ asking\ you\ to\ type\ a\ new\ name.\ \ (By\ default,\ you're\ asked\ for\ confirmation.\ \ As\ with\ `Destroy',\ you\ can\ turn\ that\ off\ through\ the\ Global\ Preferences\ panel.)\n\nBoth\ the\ `Rename...'\ and\ the\ `Move...'\ command\ use\ the\ Unix\ mv(1)\ command,\ so\ they\ can\ both\ be\ used\ to\ move\ files.\ \ (The\ `Move...'\ command\ can't\ be\ used\ to\ rename\ a\ file\ because\ it\ only\ lets\ you\ specify\ directories.)\n\nCopying\ Files\nTo\ make\ a\ duplicate\ copy\ of\ a\ file,\ select\ it\ and\ use\ the\ `Duplicate'\ command\ under\ the\ `File'\ menu.\ \ The\ new\ copy\ will\ be\ called\ copy_of_filename.\ \ You\ can\ then\ select\ the\ new\ copy\ and\ use\ the\ `Move...'\ command\ to\ name\ it\ whatever\ you\ like.\n\nMiscellaneous\ Commands\nThe\ `Misc.'\ entry\ under\ the\ `File'\ menu\ is\ a\ submenu\ that\ lets\ you\ process\ files\ in\ some\ particular\ ways.\n\nThe\ `TeX\ File'\ and\ `LaTeX\ File'\ entries\ let\ you\ run\ TeX\ or\ LaTeX\ on\ a\ file\;\ this\ is\ useful\ because\ LaTeX\ files\ are\ usually\ named\ with\ just\ a\ .tex\ extension,\ so\ the\ browser\ can't\ tell\ from\ the\ extension\ whether\ to\ use\ TeX\ or\ LaTeX\ to\ process\ a\ file.\n\nThe\ `Edit\ with\ ``jedit''',\ `Edit\ with\ ``xedit''',\ and\ `Print\ with\ ``lpr'''\ commands\ serve\ a\ somewhat\ similar\ function.\ \ They\ let\ you\ open\ a\ file\ with\ jedit\ or\ xedit(1X11),\ or\ print\ it\ with\ lpr(1),\ no\ matter\ what\ the\ extension\ of\ the\ file\ is.\ \ So\ if\ you\ have\ a\ file\ that\ happens\ to\ end\ in\ .Z,\ but\ it's\ really\ a\ text\ file\ and\ not\ a\ compressed\ file,\ you\ can\ read\ it\ into\ jedit\ using\ the\ `Edit\ with\ ``jedit'''\ command.\ \ These\ commands\ also\ let\ you\ override\ customised\ ways\ of\ editing\ or\ printing\ particular\ kinds\ of\ files\ that\ you\ may\ have\ added.\n\n`Compress\ File'\ lets\ you\ run\ the\ Unix\ compress(1)\ command\ to\ compact\ the\ selected\ file.\ \ The\ file\ will\ then\ need\ to\ be\ uncompressed\ (typically\ by\ using\ the\ `Process'\ command)\ before\ you\ can\ work\ with\ it\ again.\n\n`Tar\ Directory'\ lets\ you\ use\ the\ tar(1)\ command\ to\ make\ an\ archive\ of\ the\ selected\ directory.\ \ (Note\ that\ it\ archives\ the\ selected\ directory,\ not\ the\ current\ directory.)\n\n`Run\ ``make''\ in\ This\ Directory'\ lets\ you\ run\ the\ make(1)\ command\;\ it's\ a\ shortcut\ for\ processing\ the\ makefile.\n\nKeyboard\ Shortcuts\nMany\ of\ the\ commands\ have\ keyboard\ shortcuts,\ which\ normally\ appear\ in\ brackets\ beside\ the\ menu\ entry.\ \ To\ invoke\ such\ a\ keyboard\ shortcut,\ hold\ down\ whatever\ the\ Meta\ key\ is\ on\ your\ keyboard,\ and\ press\ the\ key\ in\ brackets.\ \ (The\ Meta\ key\ is\ labelled\ differently\ on\ different\ keyboards\;\ it\ may\ be\ marked\ `Meta',\ `Alt',\ `Mod',\ or\ something\ else.\ \ On\ current\ Sun\ keyboards,\ it's\ marked\ with\ a\ little\ diamond.)\ \ \n\nA\ few\ of\ the\ keyboard\ shortcuts\ don't\ use\ the\ Meta\ key.\ \ For\ instance,\ the\ Tab\ key\ (to\ go\ to\ a\ typed¡in\ directory)\ and\ the\ Return\ key\ (to\ browse\ the\ current\ file\ or\ directory)\ don't\ require\ the\ Meta\ key.\ \ Another\ special\ shortcut\ is\ Control-L\ for\ the\ `Refresh'\ command,\ indicated\ as\ ^l.\n\nThe\ arrow\ keys\ can\ be\ used\ to\ navigate\ in\ the\ browser.\ \ The\ up¡\ and\ down¡arrow\ keys\ move\ the\ selection\ up\ or\ down.\ \ (If\ there\ is\ no\ selection\ already,\ they\ will\ select\ the\ last\ or\ first\ file\ in\ the\ browser,\ respectively,\ not\ counting\ the\ `../'\ at\ the\ top).\ \ The\ left¡arrow\ key\ moves\ up\ one\ directory\ level,\ and\ the\ right¡arrow\ key\ moves\ into\ the\ selected\ directory\ (or\ views\ the\ selected\ file).\n\nA\ few\ keystrokes\ have\ special\ functions\ in\ dialogue\ boxes.\ \ Generally,\ pressing\ Return\ will\ do\ the\ same\ thing\ as\ clicking\ the\ default\ button,\ often\ `OK'\ .\ \ (To\ remind\ you\ of\ this,\ the\ default\ button\ is\ displayed\ with\ a\ little\ sunken\ rectangle\ around\ it.)\ \ Pressing\ Control-c,\ Control-g,\ Meta-q,\ or\ Meta-period\ will\ normally\ do\ the\ same\ thing\ as\ clicking\ the\ `Cancel'\ button.\n\nIn\ the\ dialogue\ boxes\ that\ ask\ for\ a\ file\ name,\ pressing\ Tab\ will\ complete\ a\ partially¡typed\ filename\ as\ much\ as\ possible,\ as\ in\ Emacs\ and\ the\ tcsh(l)\ shell.\n\nPreferences\nTwo\ preference\ panels,\ available\ under\ the\ `Browser'\ menu,\ allow\ you\ to\ change\ the\ look¡and¡feel\ of\ the\ file\ browser.\n\nThe\ Global\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ set\ preferences\ that\ apply\ to\ all\ the\ jstools\ applications\ (such\ as\ jedit\ and\ jdoc),\ and\ any\ other\ Tk\ applications\ that\ choose\ to\ honour\ them.\ \ The\ Browser\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ set\ preferences\ that\ only\ apply\ to\ the\ jbrowser\ application\ itself\n\nOn\ both\ panels,\ clicking\ `Save'\ will\ save\ the\ currently¡displayed\ preferences,\ so\ they'll\ be\ used\ the\ next\ time\ you\ start\ up\ jbrowser\ (or\ another\ application),\ while\ clicking\ `Done'\ won't\ save\ them\ for\ future\ use,\ but\ will\ apply\ them\ to\ your\ current\ editing\ session.\n\nBrowser\ Preferences...\nThe\ Browser\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ customise\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ scrolling\ list\ that\ lists\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ current\ directory,\ and\ the\ amount\ of\ information\ displayed\ in\ it.\n\nIf\ `Long\ file\ listings'\ is\ selected,\ you\ will\ see\ some\ of\ the\ permissions\ on\ the\ file\ and\ its\ size,\ as\ well\ as\ its\ name.\ \ (If\ you\ do\ this,\ you\ may\ want\ to\ make\ the\ browser\ wider\ than\ the\ default\ 20\ columns.)\ \ I\ owe\ this\ option\ to\ Paul\ Raines\ <raines@bohr.physics.upenn.edu>.\ \ His\ version\ was\ more\ versatile,\ also\ displaying\ the\ modification\ date\ of\ the\ file\;\ I\ removed\ that\ part\ because\ it\ depended\ on\ extensions\ to\ the\ Tcl\ package\ that\ aren't\ part\ of\ the\ standard\ Tk\ distribution.\n\nThe\ `Font:'\ field\ lets\ you\ choose\ what\ font\ is\ used\ to\ display\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ browser's\ file\ list.\ \ You\ can\ type\ in\ an\ X\ font\ specification,\ or\ click\ the\ `Choose...'\ button\ to\ select\ a\ font\ visually\ using\ the\ xfontsel(1X11)\ application.\ \ (Use\ xfontsel's\ menus\ to\ choose\ a\ font\ based\ on\ its\ various\ attributes,\ such\ as\ size\ and\ weight,\ and\ click\ xfontsel's\ `Quit'\ button\ to\ enter\ the\ font\ you\ have\ chosen\ into\ the\ browser's\ `Font:'\ field.)\ \ You\ can\ click\ the\ `Default'\ button\ to\ set\ the\ font\ field\ to\ `default',\ which\ means\ to\ use\ the\ X\ default\ font\ (using\ the\ X\ default\ specification\ `Tk*Font:'),\ or\ 12¡point\ Courier\ if\ there\ is\ no\ X\ default.\ \ See\ the\ man\ page\ for\ the\ X\ server\ for\ more\ information\ about\ X\ font\ specifications\ and\ X\ defaults.\n\nThe\ `Width:'\ and\ `Height:'\ fields\ let\ you\ change\ the\ default\ width\ (in\ columns)\ and\ height\ (in\ characters)\ of\ the\ browser.\n\nBrowser\ preferences\ are\ saved\ in\ the\ file\ ~/.tk/jbrowser-defaults.\n\nCustomising\ the\ Browser\nThe\ jbrowser\ application\ is\ built\ on\ the\ Tk\ application\ toolkit,\ a\ wonderful\ X\ Windows\ scripting\ toolkit\ by\ John\ Ousterhout\ of\ Berkeley,\ and\ that\ in\ turn\ is\ built\ on\ his\ Tcl\ scripting\ language.\n\nIn\ addition\ to\ the\ look¡and¡feel\ customisation\ you\ can\ do\ through\ the\ preferences\ panels,\ described\ under\ Preferences,\ you\ can\ customise\ the\ way\ the\ browser\ works\ by\ creating\ a\ configuration\ file\ called\ jbrowserrc.tcl\ in\ a\ subdirectory\ named\ .tk\ in\ your\ home\ directory,\ and\ putting\ appropriate\ Tcl\ code\ in\ it.\ \ Although\ you\ have\ access\ to\ the\ full\ power\ of\ Tcl\ in\ your\ configuration\ file,\ and\ you\ can\ change\ the\ behaviour\ of\ the\ browser\ in\ arbitrary\ ways,\ the\ most\ common\ thing\ to\ do\ in\ a\ configuration\ file\ is\ to\ redefine\ one\ or\ more\ of\ the\ following\ four\ procedures:\n\n\tjbr:cmd:view\n\tjbr:cmd:edit\n\tjbr:cmd:process\n\tjbr:cmd:print\n\nThese\ procedures\ are\ called\ whenever\ the\ browser\ tries\ to\ view,\ edit,\ process,\ or\ print\ a\ file.\ \ The\ default\ versions\ of\ these\ procedures\ don't\ know\ how\ to\ distinguish\ very\ many\ kinds\ of\ files\;\ by\ redefining\ them,\ you\ can\ both\ change\ what\ the\ browser\ does\ with\ a\ particular\ type\ of\ file\ and\ add\ new\ behaviours\ for\ new\ file\ types.\n\nThere's\ a\ certain\ amount\ of\ Tcl\ code\ that\ has\ to\ be\ in\ any\ of\ these\ procedures\;\ the\ central\ part\ is\ a\ table\ that\ lists\ patterns\ to\ match\ the\ file\ name\ against,\ and\ corresponding\ actions\ to\ take.\ \ This\ is\ the\ part\ you\ can\ customise.\n\nHere's\ an\ example:\n\n\t##################################################\n\t#\ jbr:cmd:view\ -\ view\ contents\ of\ a\ file\n\t##################################################\n\t\n\tproc\ jbr:cmd:view\ {}\ {\n\t\ \ foreach\ i\ \[getfiles\]\ {\n\t\ \ \ \ if\ {!\[file\ isdirectory\ \$i\]}\ {\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ case\ \$i\ in\ {\n\t\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ {*.dvi}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {exec\ xdvi\ \$i\ &}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ {*.tiff}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {exec\ xtiff\ \$i\ &}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ {*.tar.Z}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {tkb_more\ {Uncompressed\ archive\ contents}\ \\\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \[exec\ zcat\ \$i\ |\ tar\ tvf\ -\]}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ {*.Z}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {tkb_more\ {Uncompressed\ file}\ \[exec\ zcat\ \$i\]}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ {*.tar}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {tkb_more\ {Archive\ contents}\ \[exec\ tar\ tvf\ \$i\]}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ {default}\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {tkb_more\ \"Contents\ of\ `\$i'\"\ \[exec\ cat\ \$i\]}\n\t\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ }\n\t\ \ \ \ }\ else\ {\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ j:alert\ \"`\$i'\ is\ a\ directory.\"\n\t\ \ \ \ }\n\t\ \ }\n\t}\n\n(This\ example\ assumes\ that\ you\ have\ X\ applications\ xdvi\ and\ xtiff,\ which\ can\ display\ DVI\ and\ TIFF\ files,\ respectively.)\n\nThe\ part\ you\ can\ change\ is\ the\ listing\ of\ file\ types\ (shell¡type\ file¡matching\ patterns\ enclosed\ in\ braces)\ and\ corresponding\ actions\ (Tcl\ commands,\ also\ enclosed\ in\ braces).\ \ Note\ the\ way\ you\ execute\ an\ X\ application,\ like\ xdvi\ in\ the\ first\ pair:\n\t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {exec\ xdvi\ \$i\ &}\nThe\ \$i\ will\ be\ replaced\ with\ the\ file\ name.\ \ You\ need\ an\ ampersand\ at\ the\ end\ to\ put\ the\ xdvi\ in\ the\ background\ so\ you\ can\ continue\ to\ work\ in\ the\ browser.\ \ Otherwise\ you'd\ need\ to\ kill\ xdvi\ before\ the\ browser\ would\ respond\ to\ the\ mouse\ again.\n\nThe\ last\ pair,\ matching\ the\ pattern\ {default},\ will\ match\ if\ no\ other\ pattern\ does.\ \ This\ example\ demonstrates\ how\ to\ display\ the\ output\ of\ a\ terminal¡oriented\ Unix\ command,\ using\ tkb_more.\ \ Note\ the\ funny\ syntax.\n\nYou\ can\ also\ define\ a\ procedure\ jbr:userhook.\ \ If\ you\ create\ it,\ this\ procedure\ will\ be\ called\ after\ the\ browser\ window\ is\ created.\ \ This\ is\ where\ you\ should\ ad\ menus\ or\ buttons\ or\ otherwise\ alter\ the\ user¡interface.\ \ (The\ file\ ~/.tk/jbrowserrc.tcl\ itself\ is\ read\ very\ early\ on,\ before\ the\ window\ is\ created,\ so\ you\ can't\ add\ to\ the\ user¡interface\ directly\ there.)\n\nIf\ jbrowser\ was\ installed\ properly\ at\ your\ site,\ the\ directory\ /usr/local/tktcl/lib/tk/jbrowser/samples\ should\ contain\ some\ example\ files\ which\ you\ can\ copy\ and\ rename\ appropriately\ and\ modify.\ \ You\ may\ also\ find\ it\ useful\ to\ look\ at\ the\ jbrowser\ script\ itself,\ and\ for\ information\ about\ Tcl\ syntax\ you\ should\ consult\ the\ Tcl\ and\ Tk\ man\ pages.\n\n(Another,\ comparatively\ minor,\ way\ you\ can\ customise\ the\ browser\ is\ through\ the\ file\ ~/.textbindings.tcl.\ \ If\ it\ exists,\ this\ file\ will\ be\ read\ after\ your\ preferred\ keyboard\ bindings\ are\ set\ according\ to\ the\ Global\ Preferences\ panel.\ \ This\ file\ lets\ you\ modify\ keyboard\ bindings\ for\ text\ widgets\ and\ entry\ fields.\ \ Since\ the\ file\ browser\ doesn't\ have\ large\ text\ areas\ you\ can\ edit,\ though,\ this\ won't\ affect\ it\ much.)\n\nChanges,\ Bugs,\ and\ Future\ Directions\nNote\nThis\ section,\ like\ the\ rest\ of\ this\ document,\ hasn't\ been\ updated\ for\ the\ current\ version\ of\ jbrowser.\n\nKnown\ Bugs\ and\ Misfeatures\n*\ When\ you\ use\ the\ arrow\ keys\ to\ navigate\ a\ large\ directory,\ the\ browser\ won't\ scroll\ to\ keep\ the\ selected\ file\ visible.\n\n*\ The\ text\ bindings\ configuration\ file\ should\ be\ in\ the\ ~/.tk\ directory,\ like\ all\ the\ other\ configuration\ files.\n\nFeel\ free\ to\ report\ bugs\ to\ js@bu.edu\ (Jay\ Sekora),\ and\ I\ will\ try\ to\ deal\ with\ them.\ \ Also,\ feel\ free\ to\ fix\ them\ on\ your\ own\ and\ let\ me\ know\ how\ you\ did\ it.\n\nFuture\ Directions\nAside\ from\ making\ the\ browser\ more\ robust,\ I'd\ like\ to\ modify\ it\ so\ it\ can\ be\ used\ as\ a\ front¡end\ to\ ftp,\ and\ as\ a\ news\ and\ MH\ mail\ browser.\ \ I\ also\ intend\ to\ implement\ some\ mechanism\ for\ selecting\ a\ group\ of\ files,\ possibly\ from\ different\ directories,\ and\ working\ with\ them\ as\ a\ unit.\ \ Also,\ I'd\ like\ to\ make\ it\ multi¡column,\ displaying\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ current\ directory's\ parent\ as\ well\ as\ the\ current\ directory.\ \ (My\ earliest\ prototypes\ were\ like\ that.)\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 3.2/1.0\n*\ Almost\ all\ procedure\ names\ have\ changed,\ so\ configuration\ files\ will\ need\ to\ be\ redone.\n\n*\ The\ name\ has\ changed\ to\ jbrowser.\n\n*\ Configuration\ files\ have\ changed\ their\ names.\n\n*\ Some\ code\ has\ been\ moved\ to\ the\ libraries.\n\n*\ The\ preferences\ panel\ has\ been\ split\ in\ two,\ and\ more\ preferences\ are\ supported.\ \ The\ preferences\ mechanism\ has\ been\ redone\;\ it\ now\ relies\ on\ the\ X\ Windows\ defaults\ mechanism.\n\n*\ The\ browser\ now\ scrolls\ when\ you're\ selecting\ files\ with\ the\ arrow\ keys\ and\ you\ move\ off\ the\ edge\ of\ the\ (visible\ part\ of\ the)\ listbox.\n\n*\ jedit\ rather\ than\ xedit\ is\ now\ the\ default\ editor.\n\n*\ Issue\ Unix\ Command...\ is\ new.\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 0.8a\nThe\ following\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ since\ version\ 0.8a\ of\ browser.tk:\n\n*\ There\ is\ a\ new\ (browser¡like)\ dialogue\ box\ for\ selecting\ file\ and\ directory\ names.\n\n*\ A\ number\ of\ the\ procedures\ used\ by\ the\ browser,\ the\ help\ viewer,\ and\ the\ editor\ have\ been\ consolidated\ into\ the\ library\ jlibrary.tcl,\ and\ their\ names\ (and\ in\ some\ cases\ their\ arguments)\ have\ changed.\ \ This\ has\ significant\ implications\ for\ .tk/browsertkrc.tcl\ files\ which\ use\ those\ routines\ under\ their\ old\ names.\ \ (There\ will\ soon\ be\ a\ help\ file\ for\ jlibrary\ itself\;\ type\ `help.tk\ jlibrary'\ to\ see\ it.)\ \ \[This\ help\ file\ now\ exists,\ but\ the\ command\ to\ view\ it\ is\ `jhelp\ jlibrary.tcl'.\]\n\n*\ The\ browser\ is\ now\ able\ to\ deal\ with\ files\ with\ unusual\ characters\ in\ their\ names.\n\n*\ The\ preferences\ panel\ has\ new\ options\ for\ the\ font\ used\ in\ the\ listbox\ and\ the\ appearance\ of\ active\ user¡interface\ items.\n\n*\ The\ `Move...'\ command\ has\ been\ split\ into\ a\ `Move...'\ and\ a\ `Rename...'\ command,\ with\ slightly\ different\ capabilities.\n\n*\ The\ `Issue\ Tcl\ Command...'\ command\ is\ new.\n\n*\ Typing\ `..'\ now\ moves\ you\ up\ one\ directory.\n\n*\ The\ scrollbar\ no\ longer\ jumps\ to\ the\ top\ sometimes\ as\ you\ work\ with\ files.\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 0.7\nThe\ following\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ since\ version\ 0.7\ of\ browser.tk:\n\n*\ browser.tk\ now\ works\ under\ versions\ 3.0\ through\ 3.2\ (and\ possibly\ beyond)\ of\ Tk.\n\n*\ The\ mechanism\ for\ getting\ the\ currently\ selected\ file\ has\ changed,\ and\ that\ has\ implications\ for\ configuration\ files.\ \ Instead\ of\ \[selection\ get\],\ use\ \[getfiles\].\n\n*\ The\ main\ configuration\ file\ browsertkrc.tcl\ must\ now\ be\ in\ the\ directory\ .tk\ in\ your\ home\ directory\;\ it\ can\ no\ longer\ be\ in\ the\ 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